Energetic constraints may limit the capacity of visually guided predators to respond to Arctic warming
Identifieur interne : 004A73 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004A72; suivant : 004A74Energetic constraints may limit the capacity of visually guided predators to respond to Arctic warming
Auteurs : C. R. White [Royaume-Uni, Australie] ; J. A. Green [Royaume-Uni] ; G. R. Martin [Royaume-Uni] ; P. J. Butler [Royaume-Uni] ; D. Grémillet [France, Afrique du Sud]Source :
- Journal of Zoology [ 0952-8369 ] ; 2013-02.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- topic : Arctique, Changement climatique, Groenland, Zoologie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Ambient, Ambient illumination, Ambient light, Annual cycle, Arctic, Arctic circle, Arctic station, Arctic warming, Biological sciences, Boertmann, Carbo, Circannual variation, Climate change, Climate warming, Cold water, Cormorant, Cormorant populations, Cormorants breed, Daily energy expenditure, Disko, Disko island, Dive bouts, Dive depth, Ecol, Energy density, Energy expenditure, Energy reserves, Energy strategy, Foraging, Foraging opportunities, General constraint, Great cormorant, Great cormorants, Great cormorants phalacrocorax carbo, Greenland, Heart rate, High latitude, High latitudes, Higher latitudes, Ight, Latitude, Light levels, Logger, Lower latitude, Lower latitudes, Lyngs, Metabolic rate, Migration distance, Negative population trends, Northerly location, Northern limit, Other species, Oxygen consumption, Phalacrocorax, Polar night, Population increases, Position estimates, Present study, Range expansion, Recent years, Ring recoveries, Seabird, Seabird colonies, Seasonal distribution, Sensitivity analysis, Southerly location, Spectral range, Stable temperature, Such limitations, Surface temperature, Total energy expenditure, Total winter, Total winter energy expenditure, Water temperature, West greenland, Winter migration, Winter period, World clock, Worst case scenario, Zoological, Zoological society, Zoology.
- Teeft :
- Ambient, Ambient illumination, Ambient light, Annual cycle, Arctic, Arctic circle, Arctic station, Arctic warming, Biological sciences, Boertmann, Carbo, Circannual variation, Climate change, Climate warming, Cold water, Cormorant, Cormorant populations, Cormorants breed, Daily energy expenditure, Disko, Disko island, Dive bouts, Dive depth, Ecol, Energy density, Energy expenditure, Energy reserves, Energy strategy, Foraging, Foraging opportunities, General constraint, Great cormorant, Great cormorants, Great cormorants phalacrocorax carbo, Greenland, Heart rate, High latitude, High latitudes, Higher latitudes, Ight, Latitude, Light levels, Logger, Lower latitude, Lower latitudes, Lyngs, Metabolic rate, Migration distance, Negative population trends, Northerly location, Northern limit, Other species, Oxygen consumption, Phalacrocorax, Polar night, Population increases, Position estimates, Present study, Range expansion, Recent years, Ring recoveries, Seabird, Seabird colonies, Seasonal distribution, Sensitivity analysis, Southerly location, Spectral range, Stable temperature, Such limitations, Surface temperature, Total energy expenditure, Total winter, Total winter energy expenditure, Water temperature, West greenland, Winter migration, Winter period, World clock, Worst case scenario, Zoological, Zoological society, Zoology.
Abstract
For many polar species, climate change is likely to result in range contractions and negative population trends. For those species whose distribution is limited by sea ice and cold water, however, polar warming could result in population increases and range expansion. Population increases of great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in Greenland are associated with warmer sea surface temperatures, but the actual impact of environmental change on cormorant spatial ecology remains unclear. In the present study, we investigate how Arctic warming is likely to influence the distribution of cormorants in Greenland. Using geolocation data, we show that many individuals that breed above the Arctic Circle migrate south and winter at lower latitude. We then couple estimates of migratory flight costs with a model that predicts daily energy expenditure during winter on the basis of water temperature, ambient illumination during diving, dive depth and day length. This model shows that the most energy efficient strategy predicted for any breeding location is to migrate as far south as possible, and that, for a given wintering location, it is more energetically expensive to breed at high latitude. We argue that cormorants currently undertake a winter migration to escape the polar night and reduce winter energy costs and that their wintering grounds in Greenland will remain largely unchanged under Arctic warming. This is because low levels of ambient illumination during the polar night will continue to restrict foraging opportunities at high latitude during winter. Northward expansion of the breeding range will result in increased energy expenditure associated with long migratory flights, and the cost of such flights may ultimately limit the breeding range of cormorants. Such limitations are likely to represent a general constraint on the capacity of visually guided predators to respond to climate warming, and may limit the predicted poleward range shifts of these species.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2012.00968.x
Affiliations:
- Afrique du Sud, Australie, France, Royaume-Uni
- Angleterre, Languedoc-Roussillon, Midlands de l'Ouest, Occitanie (région administrative)
- Birmingham, Montpellier
- Université de Birmingham
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Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract">For many polar species, climate change is likely to result in range contractions and negative population trends. For those species whose distribution is limited by sea ice and cold water, however, polar warming could result in population increases and range expansion. Population increases of great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo in Greenland are associated with warmer sea surface temperatures, but the actual impact of environmental change on cormorant spatial ecology remains unclear. In the present study, we investigate how Arctic warming is likely to influence the distribution of cormorants in Greenland. Using geolocation data, we show that many individuals that breed above the Arctic Circle migrate south and winter at lower latitude. We then couple estimates of migratory flight costs with a model that predicts daily energy expenditure during winter on the basis of water temperature, ambient illumination during diving, dive depth and day length. This model shows that the most energy efficient strategy predicted for any breeding location is to migrate as far south as possible, and that, for a given wintering location, it is more energetically expensive to breed at high latitude. We argue that cormorants currently undertake a winter migration to escape the polar night and reduce winter energy costs and that their wintering grounds in Greenland will remain largely unchanged under Arctic warming. This is because low levels of ambient illumination during the polar night will continue to restrict foraging opportunities at high latitude during winter. Northward expansion of the breeding range will result in increased energy expenditure associated with long migratory flights, and the cost of such flights may ultimately limit the breeding range of cormorants. Such limitations are likely to represent a general constraint on the capacity of visually guided predators to respond to climate warming, and may limit the predicted poleward range shifts of these species.</div>
</front>
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